What Causes Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)? Causes & Risks

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects many women. It occurs due to an imbalance in the bacteria normally present in the vagina. While BV is not typically a serious condition, it can cause discomfort and increase the risk of other health problems. Understanding the causes and risk factors associated with BV can help women take steps to protect their vaginal health.

Bacterial Vaginosis Defined: Symptoms & Overview

Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina, disrupting the natural balance of the vaginal flora. This imbalance can lead to various symptoms, including:

• A thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge
• A strong, fishy odor, particularly after sex
• Vaginal itching or burning
• Pain during urination

It's important to note that some women with BV may not experience any symptoms at all.

BV Infection Causes: What Increases Your Risk?

Several factors can increase a woman's risk of developing BV. While the exact cause of BV is not always clear, certain behaviors and conditions can disrupt the vaginal ecosystem and make it more susceptible to infection. These include:

Sexual Partners & BV Risk: Is There a Link?

While BV is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual activity can increase the risk of developing BV. This is because:

• Having a new sexual partner or multiple sexual partners can introduce new bacteria into the vagina, potentially disrupting the natural balance.
• Semen has a higher pH than the vagina, which can alter the vaginal environment and make it more conducive to the growth of certain bacteria.

It's important to emphasize that BV can also occur in women who are not sexually active.

Douching & BV: Why It's Harmful

Douching involves rinsing the vagina with water or other solutions. This practice is strongly discouraged by healthcare professionals because it can:

• Wash away the beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy vaginal environment.
• Introduce harmful bacteria into the vagina.
• Push bacteria further up into the reproductive tract, potentially leading to more serious infections.

The vagina is a self-cleaning organ, and douching is unnecessary and can be detrimental to vaginal health.

Other Potential BV Causes & Risk Factors

In addition to sexual activity and douching, other factors that may increase the risk of BV include:

• Using certain types of contraceptives, such as intrauterine devices (IUDs)
• Having a naturally high vaginal pH
• Smoking
• Using scented soaps, bubble baths, or vaginal deodorants
• Wearing tight-fitting or synthetic clothing that traps moisture

BV Treatment Options & Potential Complications

BV is typically diagnosed through a pelvic exam and laboratory tests. If BV is confirmed, treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics, either oral or vaginal. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

 

If left untreated, BV can increase the risk of certain complications, such as:

• Increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the reproductive organs
• Premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women

Recurrent BV: Causes & Prevention Strategies

Some women experience recurrent BV, meaning the infection returns even after treatment. The reasons for recurrent BV are not always clear, but certain factors may contribute, including:

• Underlying health conditions that affect the immune system
• Hormonal changes
• Continued exposure to risk factors, such as douching or unprotected sex with multiple partners

If you experience recurrent BV, it's important to talk to your doctor. They may recommend additional testing or alternative treatment options. Additionally, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce the risk of recurrent BV. These include:

• Avoiding douching
• Using condoms consistently during sexual activity
• Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing
• Avoiding scented soaps and other irritants
• Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly

By understanding the causes and risk factors associated with BV, women can take proactive steps to maintain their vaginal health and reduce their risk of infection. If you have any concerns about BV or your vaginal health, don't hesitate to consult with your doctor. They can provide personalized advice and guidance to help you stay healthy.

Remember, DoctorBeIn is here to support your health journey. If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to reach out to us.